Cécile Renier, Mathil Vandromme, Patrick Meyfroidt, Vivian Ribeiro, Nikolai Kalischek, Erasmus zu Ermgasse. Transparency, traceability and deforestation in the Ivorian cocoa supply chain.. 2022. agriXiv.2022.00156
DOI：10.31220/agriRxiv.2022.00156
声明：预印本系统所发表的论文仅用于最新科研成果的交流与共享，未经同行评议，因此不建议直接应用于指导生产实验。
Transparency, traceability and deforestation in the Ivorian cocoa supply chain.
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Abstract: Abstract Cocoa production has been identified as a major global driver of deforestation, but its precise contribution to deforestation dynamics in West Africa remains unclear. It is also unknown to what degree companies and international markets are able to trace their cocoa imports, and satisfy their sustainable sourcing commitments. Here, we use publicly-available remote-sensing and supply chain data for C?te d'Ivoire, the world's largest cocoa producer, to quantify cocoa-driven deforestation and trace 2019 cocoa exports from their department of origin, via trading companies, to international markets. We find 2.5 Mha of cocoa deforestation and degradation over 2000-2019, i.e., 166,257 ha/y, representing 46% of the total deforestation and forest degradation over that period. Only 43.6% (95% CI: 42.6 - 44.7%) of exports can be traced back to a specific cooperative and department. The majority of cocoa (over 55%) thus remains untraced, either indirectly sourced from local intermediaries by major traders (23.9%, 95% CI: 22.9 - 24.9%), or exported by traders who disclose no information about their suppliers (32.4%). Traceability to farm lags further behind, and is insufficient to meet the EU due-diligence legislation's proposed requirement for geolocation of product origins. We estimate that trading companies in the Cocoa and Forests Initiative have mapped 40% of the total farms supplying them, representing only 22% of all Ivorian cocoa exports in 2019. We identify 890,000 hectares of deforestation over 2000-2015 associated with 2019 EU imports, 56% of this arising through untraced sourcing. We discuss issues and prospects for traceability systems, often presented as solutions to deforestation, and stress the need for transparency and for the sector to work beyond individual supply chains, at landscape-level, calling for collaboration and investments to preserve the remaining stretches of forests in West Africa.
Key words: cocoa; deforestation; 2019; companies; exports; 9提交时间：2022-01-01
版权声明：作者本人独立拥有该论文的版权，预印本系统仅拥有论文的永久保存权利。任何人未经允许不得重复使用。 -
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